Just as there is a calm before the storm, a trough before a wave, so
too is there a lull after the storm is over, a serenity of sorts after the
last receding rumble of the major battle has gone, leaving only the
recurring echoes.
 |
| Australian commander Sir John Monash |
Such is the situation for the Australian forces, in the first days of
May 1918, in France. For, oh, what a battle the Kaiserschlacht had
been, and how well the Australians had done! But it had come at a
huge cost: 12,000 casualties. For the moment the Australians must
lick their wounds, rebuild their forces, and wait while Berlin works
out what to do next. Given that the Germans retain a large reserve of
troops, there is every chance that they will launch once more and the
only questions are when, and where? As ever, the most likely answers
are ‘soon’, and ‘at Amiens or Paris’.
Across the Australian Corps it is really only General Sir John
Monash’s 3rd Division who, restless for more action, continue to
push their line forward.
‘The Third Division had had enough of stationary warfare, and the
troops were athirst for adventure,’ Monash would later recount. ‘They
were tired of raids, which mean a mere incursion into enemy territory,
and a subsequent withdrawal, after doing as much damage as possible.
Accordingly I resolved to embark on a series of minor battles, designed
not merely to capture prisoners and machine guns, but also to hold
onto the ground gained.’4
Typically of Monash-organised excursions, they go well, with four
small battles between 30 April and 7 May yielding several hundred
prisoners who ‘impart a mass of valuable information’,5 numerous
machine guns, and a net mile of gained territory!
‘During the last three days,’ Field Marshal Haig admiringly records
in his diary after the last successful raid, ‘[the Australian 3rd Division]
advanced their front about a mile . . . The ground gained was twice as
much as they had taken at Messines last June, and they had done it
with very small losses; some 15 killed and 80 wounded; and they had
taken nearly 300 prisoners.’6
There is only one problem. The further Monash’s men push the
Germans back to the east, in their positions just north of the Somme,
the more it exposes their right flank to the Germans on the south.
‘I was in possession of much the higher ground,’ Monash would
recount, ‘and was able to look down, almost as upon a map, onto the
enemy in the Hamel basin, yet I was beginning to feel very seriously the
inconvenience of having, square on my flank, such excellent concealed
artillery positions as . . . Hamel Woods.’7
The obvious solution – and Monash attempts to persuade the
Australian Corps Commander, General Sir William Birdwood, to do
it – is to have the Corps attack south of the Somme as well, and take
the village of Hamel and the basin it is positioned in. Alas, it is decided
that for the moment the Australian forces there need more time to
recover from their exertions of the previous six weeks.
At least, while the bulk of Diggers wait for the next move to be
made, they are in a fine part of the world to be so waiting, with none
appreciating it more than the gnarled veterans among them.
Training in Cairo they’d been in the blistering deserts. At Gallipoli
they had been in bloody trenches. For two years on the Western Front
they’d lived like moles in bloody, muddy trenches, stormed at with
shot and shell . . . and now? Now, it is springtime in France! After
their heroic efforts at Villers-Bretonneux and the subsequent German
retreat, things are relatively quiet, as the Australian task is merely to
hold the Western Front defending the key town of Amiens.
It places them in one of the most picturesque parts of France,
a dreamy patchwork of wheat and maize fields, sheep and cattle
paddocks, abandoned small villages with cobblestone streets . . . and
many cellars still stocked with wine.
Yes, life does offer better things, but not for an Australian soldier
it doesn’t. There is even a bit of shooting to be done, to keep them
interested, and therein lies a tale.
 |
| American and Australian troops dug in together during the Battle of Hamel. Hamel was fought in the early morning and by a happy arrangement on what was their National Day, United States troops attacked, at battalion strength, for the first time in the British line. Their part in the operation not only made the day memorable for them, but created a great bond between the Americans and Australians. Left to right: five unidentified; Private Jamieson, 42nd Battalion; Lance Corporal Bellamy, 42nd Battalion. |
For after the Germans’ failed attempt to take Amiens, the most
forward elements of the German Army have come to a halt at the point
where their offensive force has been equalled by defensive resistance. It
means that rather than holding a well-thought-out, superbly engineered
major system of built-up trenches, the exhausted Germans have simply
dug in the best they can in the chalky soil, wherever they can, as they
work out their next move. They no longer hold their own line with a
combination of concrete pill-boxes, dugouts, rolls of barbed wire and
carefully positioned machine-gun posts that can deliver devastating
fire on any intruder within 400 yards. Instead they occupy a series of
non-continuous trenches, with dangerous gaps between, guarded by
rolls of barbed wire here and there, and machine-gun posts scattered
sporadically rather than bristling from every part.
And there is no effort to strengthen their line! This is, in part,
a measure of the Germans’ exhaustion and diminished resources, and
also because their commander, Erich Ludendorff, has forbidden such
consolidation on the reckoning they must keep the Allies guessing about
whether they intend to advance once more, stay, or retreat.
Hence, what the Australians are up to now – holding the ten miles
of the Western Front that they have just so wonderfully held over
the last six weeks, with three Divisions in the front-line trenches at
any time, and one Division in reserve for two weeks at a time before
rotating. Far and away the most important part of the line they are
holding is that which lies in front of the French town of Amiens,
stretching from the River Somme, to the Roman Road, a cobblestoned
thoroughfare – first built by the Romans nearly two millennia earlier
– which goes east from Villers-Bretonneux to Saint Quentin. From
atop the highest point of the Australian section – Hill 104, just 3000
yards back from the front-lines – you can see the full gloriousness of
the French countryside, the rich mosaic of ancient villages, even more
ancient farmlands boasting clover and wheat fields, and out to the
left the timeless Somme, in a marshy valley winding its majestic way
through the dreamy landscape. Ah, and of course, from here you can
look straight across to German-held territory, including a dangerous
bulge in their line around the village of Hamel and, just behind it, the
hill of Wolfsberg, nearly as high as Hill 104 and covered with German
observers watching them in turn.
They’ll keep.
 |
| Men of the 15th Battalion, on the day of the fight at Hamel, worn out and asleep under camouflage which was found covering a German trench mortar in Pear Trench. (AWM E02664) |
For now, the tone is set by a few sentences in the diary of one
Australian soldier occupying his trenches in this early part of May.
‘I wonder if I’ll ever see Australia again,’ he writes. ‘This life seems
so unreal at times and one can see no end of the war in sight. The
wood in front of us looks so beautiful in the sunlight and life seems
so good, yet there is death in the . . . shells and whistling bullets.’8
Even though in comparison to what these men have lately known, it
is all quiet on the Western Front, in many ways it is a little too quiet.
So quiet, in fact, if you cock your ear to the wind right now, you
will hear something extraordinary.
For, yes, now, in the area a mile or so back from those front-line
trenches, what is this that the Diggers have dragged out of an abandoned
chateau, put on a ‘shell-torn cart’ and dragged back here to the Diggers’
dugout? Why, it is a grand piano! A huge one. A grand grand piano.
Well, yes, it had been found midst ‘sheets of music . . . strewn all
over the floor, pictures & costly ornaments broken by shell fire, lovely
cushioned chairs broken’, and has taken a bit of a hit, suffering ‘4 shrapnel
holes in the woodwork’.9 But while the chateau itself looked fine from
a distance and was ruined up close . . . this, this is quite the reverse!
For now look.
Up steps a Digger with intent, and with the grand theatricality of
the maestro he maybe once was, his fingers stretching skywards before
gliding downward, he starts to play.
And play, and play, and play! See his fingers flow over the keyboard
with impossible speed. Hear the music float out over the bloody trenches
that serve as ugly slashes through the fields of dandelions, daisies and
daffodils, and watch what happens now.
For as his chords float forth, and the battered piano delivers a
pitch-perfect performance, heads start to bob up in yonder trenches.
The bloke on latrine duty throws down his shovel, and walks on
over. Passing platoons stop their weapons check and gather round.
The bloke hauling the mess-cart stops, and comes on over. Diggers in
dugouts come on out, like moles from a hole after the winter is over,
and springtime has arrived. A crowd of mud-men gathers around the
messy maestro, as still he keeps on playing.
Is it Brahms? Beethoven? Liszt? Mozart? Chopin? One of them
German or Austrian coves, anyway?
Buggered if they know, most of them. But they know the Digger
can play and play extraordinarily well, as the birds sing, and bombs
burst in the distance.
A passing English major is so impressed, he asks will they sell the
piano.
No.
Can the Germans in their trenches over yonder hear it, too?
They hope so. For they, too, must surely say, Play on, young man,
play on. Das ist gute Musik!
Still the Digger does not look up, transported to a place far away,
just as they all are, magically transported to a place where men aren’t
set on killing each other, where you can see your families, and go out
on a Saturday night with your best girl, and the following day have
Sunday roast with Mum and Dad and Auntie Dot. Where you can go
to bed every night, with full confidence that you will see the sunrise.
Oh, play, Digger, play, as these Australians far from home soak up
every note, many of them luxuriating in the finest silk panties beneath
their muddy strides, their luscious drawers purloined from the drawers
of Madame who had left yonder chateau a few days before. One of
them stands there dressed for a joke as a combination of a fine French
gentleman and lady with ‘a tall black hat & white lace parasol’10 that
he has also ‘souvenired’, as the Australians are pleased to call looting.
‘Lor’ isn’t it funny,’ one Digger notes admiringly in his diary of his
brothers-in-arms. ‘They take nothing, not even war, seriously, though
in the trenches Fritz learns what they are made of.’11
And yet while it is one thing to be such brothers-in-arms and feel that
deep bond that comes with fighting for your life and the man beside
you, while he does the same for you . . . it is quite another when your
brothers-in-arms are your actual brothers, flesh of your flesh, blood
of your blood, spirit of your spirit.
The Geddes brothers of the 13th Battalion are a case in point,
and the middle one, Cliff, is right here, right now, soaking up the
music. Originally from Warialda, up Moree way, the brothers Geddes
– 35-year-old Sergeant Aubrey Geddes, 30-year-old Corporal Cliff
Geddes and 24-year-old Sapper Stanley Geddes – had all been bank
clerks before enlisting, and have been in the thick of the heavy fighting
ever since. Aubrey, known as ‘Boo’ to the family, is with B Company
of the 13th Battalion, while Cliff is with D Company of the same, and
Stanley is with Brigadier Pompey Elliott’s 15th Brigade, serving with
the 15th Company Field Engineers.
Like his brothers, Cliff – a distinguished looking fellow, who is neat,
as Diggers go, and careful with his presentation, just as he had been
raised – is dead keen to finish this damn war, and get home as soon as
possible. Like them all, he is proud of Australia’s accomplishments in
these parts, but a little pissed off that so often the Australians seem to be
on their Pat Malone when the heavy lifting is to be done against Fritz.
‘It was a great performance of our Australian lads to drive Fritz out
of this town of Villers Bretonneux,’ Cliff writes in his diary this evening.
‘Lately it seems always a case of the Pommies losing a position, & our
chaps holding Fritz, or having to win back what the Pommies lost.’12
And it is dangerous, make no mistake. A bloke could be killed at any
moment. Oddly, Cliff worries more about his brothers – particularly
Boo even though he is in the same Battalion – than himself, but that is
just the way it is.
‘Haven’t seen Boo since Monday night, trust he’s OK, they are not
getting the shells in the front line we are back here, & if there’s no hop
over, I think he’s pretty right, though one never knows what minute
he’ll be hit at this game.’13
 |
| Wounded Australians and Americans on stretchers awaiting the ambulances at the Quarry, near Hamelet, during the battle of Hamel. Note the ambulances being loaded with wounded in the background. E02715 |
The two key questions that a lot of the Diggers want answered right
now are: firstly, what will the Germans do next?; and secondly, when
will the bloody Yanks dip their bloody oars in?
You see, it seems clear that the Germans are girding their iron loins
for their next attack, which will be a big one, there can be no doubt.
Since Russia pulled out of the war after the Bolsheviks took over late
the previous year, German forces previously on the Eastern Front have
been flooding into France at the rate of 20,000 a week, and as the
Kaiserschlacht showed, Germany is eager to win the war, before the
weight of the Americans, who, in turn, are now flooding into France
at the rate of 60,000 a week, can be felt.
But while the Germans arriving are fighting, the bloody Yanks aren’t
and it is a real problem for those, like the Australians, who are holding
the line.
Typical is the view of the British officer, Captain Hubert Essame of the
8th Division, who had recently fought by the side of the Australians as
they re-took Villers-Bretonneux. His experience has convinced him that
the Australian troops are the best in the war. But great boon that they
are to the exhausted British forces, they will not be remotely enough.
‘A year had now passed since the Americans had entered the war,’
Essame would note, ‘and yet, apart from four good divisions in quiet
sectors on the French front, they had contributed virtually nothing to
the death struggle . . .’
Credit: Reprinted from Monash’s Masterpiece: The Battle of Le Hamel and the 93 Minutes that Changed the World by Peter FitzSimons. Hachette Australia, RRP: $35.00. ISDN: 9780733640087.
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